Performance evaluation of LoRa 923 MHz for the Internet of Things

This research focuses on enhancing the performance of data transmission in the Internet of Things (IoT) by leveraging LoRa technology. Specifically, it utilizes the LILYGO 923 MHz LoRa32 board, which integrates the ESP32 microcontroller with a LoRa module and additional devices like a 0.96-inch OLED display. This board also features a serial converter interface, simplifying the programming process, and uses a micro USB connection for both power and uploading code. One of the goals of this research is to enable the transmission of images using LoRa, though currently, only image conversion during transmission is implemented. The study includes reliability testing of the LoRa module over a distance of 10 km. The results show that the Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) for Spreading Factor (SF) 7 is 50%, while for SF 12, it improves to 85%. Additionally, the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) measurements at a distance of 1000 meters with 3 Non-Line-of-Sight (NLoS) conditions yielded values of -120 dBm, -90 dBm, and -78 dBm. These results highlight the potential of LoRa technology in improving IoT data transmission, especially for long-range applications.